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1 mechanic
механический; машинный -
2 mechanic
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] mechanic[English Plural] mechanics[Swahili Word] dereva[Swahili Plural] madereva[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an[Note] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] mechanic[English Plural] mechanics[Swahili Word] dreva[Swahili Plural] madreva[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an[Note] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] mechanic[English Plural] mechanics[Swahili Word] fundi[Swahili Plural] mafundi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -funda------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] mechanic[Swahili Word] mekanika[Swahili Plural] mekanika, mamekanika[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] mechanics (methods of)[Swahili Word] umakanika[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] mechanics (methods of)[Swahili Word] umekanika[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] work of a mechanic[Swahili Word] umakanika[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] work of a mechanic[Swahili Word] umekanika[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------ -
3 mechanic failure
failure set — множество отказов; множество неудачных исходов
common-mode failure — типичный отказ; отказ общего характера
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > mechanic failure
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4 Heaviside, Oliver
[br]b. 18 May 1850 London, Englandd. 2 February 1925 Torquay, Devon, England[br]English physicist who correctly predicted the existence of the ionosphere and its ability to reflect radio waves.[br]Brought up in poor, almost Dickensian, circumstances, at the age of 13 years Heaviside, a nephew by marriage of Sir Charles Wheatstone, went to Camden House Grammar School. There he won a medal for science, but he was forced to leave because his parents could not afford the fees. After a year of private study, he began his working life in Newcastle in 1870 as a telegraph operator for an Anglo-Dutch cable company, but he had to give up after only four years because of increasing deafness. He therefore proceeded to spend his time studying theoretical aspects of electrical transmission and communication, and moved to Devon with his parents in 1889. Because the operation of many electrical circuits involves transient phenomena, he found it necessary to develop what he called operational calculus (which was essentially a form of the Laplace transform calculus) in order to determine the response to sudden voltage and current changes. In 1893 he suggested that the distortion that occurred on long-distance telephone lines could be reduced by adding loading coils at regular intervals, thus creating a matched-transmission line. Between 1893 and 1912 he produced a series of writings on electromagnetic theory, in one of which, anticipating a conclusion of Einstein's special theory of relativity, he put forward the idea that the mass of an electric charge increases with its velocity. When it was found that despite the curvature of the earth it was possible to communicate over very great distances using radio signals in the so-called "short" wavebands, Heaviside suggested the presence of a conducting layer in the ionosphere that reflected the waves back to earth. Since a similar suggestion had been made almost at the same time by Arthur Kennelly of Harvard, this layer became known as the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1891. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1924. Honorary PhD Gottingen. Honorary Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.Bibliography1872. "A method for comparing electro-motive forces", English Mechanic (July).1873. Philosophical Magazine (February) (a paper on the use of the Wheatstone Bridge). 1889, Electromagnetic Waves.1892, Electrical Papers.1893–1912, Electromagnetic Theory.Further ReadingI.Catt (ed.), 1987, Oliver Heaviside, The Man, St Albans: CAM Publishing.P.J.Nahin, 1988, Oliver Heaviside, Sage in Solitude: The Life and Works of an Electrical Genius of the Victorian Age, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York.J.B.Hunt, The Maxwellians, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.See also: Appleton, Sir Edward VictorKF -
5 Lodge, Sir Oliver Joseph
[br]b. 12 June 1851 Penkhull, Staffordshire, Englandd. 22 August 1940 Lake, near Salisbury, Wiltshire, England[br]English physicist who perfected Branly's coherer; said to have given the first public demonstration of wireless telegraphy.[br]At the age of 8 Lodge entered Newport Grammar School, and in 1863–5 received private education at Coombs in Suffolk. He then returned to Staffordshire, where he assisted his father in the potteries by working as a book-keeper. Whilst staying with an aunt in London in 1866–7, he attended scientific lectures and became interested in physics. As a result of this and of reading copies of English Mechanic magazine, when he was back home in Hanley he began to do experiments and attended the Wedgewood Institute. Returning to London c. 1870, he studied initially at the Royal College of Science and then, from 1874, at University College, London (UCL), at the same time attending lectures at the Royal Institution.In 1875 he obtained his BSc, read a paper to the British Association on "Nodes and loops in chemical formulae" and became a physics demonstrator at UCL. The following year he was appointed a physics lecturer at Bedford College, completing his DSc in 1877. Three years later he became Assistant Professor of Mathematics at UCL, but in 1881, after only two years, he accepted the Chair of Experimental Physics at the new University College of Liverpool. There began a period of fruitful studies of electricity and radio transmission and reception, including development of the lightning conductor, discovery of the "coherent" effect of sparks and improvement of Branly's coherer, and, in 1894, what is said to be the first public demonstration of the transmission and reception (using a coherer) of wireless telegraphy, from Lewis's department store to the clock tower of Liverpool University's Victoria Building. On 10 May 1897 he filed a patent for selective tuning by self-in-ductance; this was before Marconi's first patent was actually published and its priority was subsequently upheld.In 1900 he became the first Principal of the new University of Birmingham, where he remained until his retirement in 1919. In his later years he was increasingly interested in psychical research.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1902. FRS 1887. Royal Society Council Member 1893. President, Society for Psychical Research 1901–4, 1932. President, British Association 1913. Royal Society Rumford Medal 1898. Royal Society of Arts Albert Medal 1919. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1932. Fourteen honorary degrees from British and other universities.Bibliography1875, "The flow of electricity in a plane", Philosophical Magazine (May, June and December).1876, "Thermo-electric phenomena", Philosophical Magazine (December). 1888, "Lightning conductors", Philosophical Magazine (August).1889, Modern Views of Electricity (lectures at the Royal Institution).10 May 1897, "Improvements in syntonized telegraphy without line wires", British patent no. 11,575, US patent no. 609,154.1898, "Radio waves", Philosophical Magazine (August): 227.1931, Past Years, An Autobiography, London: Hodder \& Stoughton.Further ReadingW.P.Jolly, 1974, Sir Oliver Lodge, Psychical Resear cher and Scientist, London: Constable.E.Hawks, 1927, Pioneers of Wireless, London: Methuen.See also: Hertz, Heinrich RudolphKFBiographical history of technology > Lodge, Sir Oliver Joseph
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6 pay
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] make someone pay[Swahili Word] -hongeza[Part of Speech] verb[Class] causative[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -honga[Related Words] -jihongeza, -hongea, hongera, hongo------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay[Swahili Word] ajara[Swahili Plural] ajara[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay[Swahili Word] ijara[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] ajiri------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay[Swahili Word] karo[Swahili Plural] karo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay[Swahili Word] kimi[Part of Speech] noun[Swahili Example] kimi cha chini [Rec]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay[Swahili Word] maduhuli[Swahili Plural] maduhuli[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay[Swahili Word] ujira[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay[Swahili Word] -lipa[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay (toll or tribute)[Swahili Word] -honga[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] hongea, hongera, hongeza, hongo------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay a high price for something[Swahili Word] -chunuka[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay a high price for something[Swahili Word] -tunuka[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay for[Swahili Word] -faritha[Part of Speech] verb[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay for hunting[Swahili Word] usakaji[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay for something[Swahili Word] -hongea[Part of Speech] verb[Class] applicative[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -honga[Related Words] -hongeza, hongera, hongo------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay in cash[Swahili Word] -lipa taslimu[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a (black)smith[Swahili Word] usani[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a ferryman[Swahili Word] uvusho[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a manager[Swahili Word] usimamizi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a mechanic[Swahili Word] umakanika[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a mechanic[Swahili Word] umekanika[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] Engl.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a porter[Swahili Word] upagazi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a seamstress[Swahili Word] ushonaji[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a seamstress[Swahili Word] ushoni[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a superintendent[Swahili Word] usimamizi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a superviser[Swahili Word] usimamizi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a tailor[Swahili Word] ushonaji[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a tailor[Swahili Word] ushoni[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a transport business[Swahili Word] upagazi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of a watchman or guard[Swahili Word] ungojaji[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of an overseer[Swahili Word] usimamizi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of carpentry[Swahili Word] useremala[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] Pers.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of hunting[Swahili Word] usasi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of hunting[Swahili Word] uwindaji[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of hunting[Swahili Word] uwinzi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay of hunting[Swahili Word] windo[Swahili Plural] mawindo[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay off a mortgage[Swahili Word] -komboa rahani[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Definition] kulipa pesa cha nyumba unayonunua[English Example] redeem a pledge[Swahili Example] komboa rahani------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pay off a mortgage[Swahili Word] -komboa rehani[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Definition] kulipa pesa cha nyumba unayonunua[English Example] redeem a pledge[Swahili Example] komboa rehani------------------------------------------------------------ -
7 motor
'məutə
1. noun(a machine, usually a petrol engine or an electrical device, that gives motion or power: a washing-machine has an electric motor; (also adjective) a motor boat/vehicle.) motor
2. verb(to travel by car: We motored down to my mother's house at the weekend.) ir en coche- motorist- motorize
- motorise
- motorcade
- motorway
- motorbike
- motorcycle
- motor car
- motorcyclist
motor n motor
motor 1
◊ - triz, motor -tora adjetivomotor ( before n)
motor 2 sustantivo masculino 1 (Tec) engine; 2 ( impulsor) driving force
motor, motriz adjetivo motor
fuerza motriz, driving/ motive/propelling force
motor sustantivo masculino
1 (de combustible) engine (eléctrico) motor
motor de arranque, starter (motor)
motor de explosión, internal-combustion engine
motor de reacción, jet engine ➣ Ver nota en engine 2 fig (propulsor, fuerza motriz) el motor de la Historia, the driving force of History ' motor' also found in these entries: Spanish: ahogarse - amaraje - borda - DGT - echar - enloquecer - escudería - fallo - fiable - forzar - fueraborda - motricidad - motriz - reacción - reactor - salirse - salón - tiempo - vuelo - acelerar - adaptar - afinar - aflojar - agarrotar - ahogar - alimentación - alimentar - apagado - apagar - arrancar - atascar - automotor - automovilismo - automovilístico - calar - calentar - caminar - carburar - cargar - chingar - chorro - cilindro - culata - desarmar - detonación - económico - eléctrico - encender - enfriar - escobilla English: burn out - check - combustion engine - conk out - crank - cut out - die - diesel engine - engine - engine driver - fume - gliding - hang-gliding - horsepower - inboard - internal-combustion engine - misfire - motor - motor racing - motor-car - outboard - powered - race - response - rev - seize up - speed up - starter - take apart - whine - coast - combustion - formula - jet - launch - out - pack - power - run - scooter - steamtr['məʊtəSMALLr/SMALL]1 (engine) motor nombre masculino1 SMALLTECHNICAL/SMALL motor,-ra2 SMALLBIOLOGY/SMALL motor,-ra, motriz\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLmotor industry industria del automóvilmotor mechanic mecánico,-a de cochesmotor racing carreras nombre femenino plural de cochesmotor show salón nombre masculino del automóvilmotor trade sector nombre masculino del automóvilmotor vehicle vehículo a motormotor ['mo:t̬ər] vi: viajar en cochemotor n: motor madj.• motor adj.n.• automóvil s.m.• motor s.m.v.• ir en automóvil v.
I 'məʊtər, 'məʊtə(r)a) ( engine) motor mb) ( car) (BrE colloq) coche m, carro m (AmL exc CS), auto m (esp CS)
II
adjective (before n)1) (Auto, Mech Eng) <parts/spares> de automóvil; < mechanic> de automóvilesmotor racing — carreras fpl automovilísticas
motor show — salón m del automóvil
motor vehicle — (vehículo m) automóvil m (frml)
2) ( Physiol) <neuron/nerve> motor [The feminine of motor is motriz or motora]['mǝʊtǝ(r)]1. N1) (=engine) motor m2) * (=car) coche m, automóvil m, carro m (LAm), auto m (esp LAm)2.VI † ir en coche etc3.ADJ (=giving motion) [nerve, muscle] motor (fem: motora/motriz) ; (=motorized) automóvil4.CPDmotor accident N — accidente m de circulación
motor home N — autocaravana f
motor industry N — industria f automovilística
motor insurance N — seguro m de automóvil
motor launch N — lancha f motora
motor mechanic N — mecánico(-a) m / f de automóviles
motor neurone disease, motor neuron disease N — esclerosis f lateral amiotrófica
motor racing N — (Sport) carreras fpl de coches, automovilismo m
motor racing track N — pista f de automovilismo, circuito m de automovilismo
motor scooter N — Vespa ® f, escúter m, motoneta f (LAm)
motor show N — feria f de automóviles
motor trade N —
•
the motor trade — el sector automovilísticomotor transport N — transporte m rodado, transporte m motorizado
motor vehicle N — automóvil m
motor vessel N — motonave f
* * *
I ['məʊtər, 'məʊtə(r)]a) ( engine) motor mb) ( car) (BrE colloq) coche m, carro m (AmL exc CS), auto m (esp CS)
II
adjective (before n)1) (Auto, Mech Eng) <parts/spares> de automóvil; < mechanic> de automóvilesmotor racing — carreras fpl automovilísticas
motor show — salón m del automóvil
motor vehicle — (vehículo m) automóvil m (frml)
2) ( Physiol) <neuron/nerve> motor [The feminine of motor is motriz or motora] -
8 mecánico
mecánico
◊ -ca adjetivomechanical ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino ( de vehículos) mechanic; ( de maquinaria industrial) fitter; (de fotocopiadoras, lavadoras) engineer
mecánico,-a
I adjetivo mechanical
II sustantivo masculino y femenino mechanic ' mecánico' also found in these entries: Spanish: foso - mecánica - taller - aprendiz - empezar - mono - montallantas - taladro English: failure - fault - garage - grease - mechanic - mechanical - mindless - regurgitate - fitter - perfunctory - sweeper -
9 skillful
tr['skɪlfʊl]1 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL→ link=skilful skilful{skillful ['skɪlfəl] adj: hábil, diestroadj.• acertado, -a adj.• acertador adj.• amañado, -a adj.• diestro, -a adj.• dispuesto, -a adj.• ducho, -a adj.• experto, -a adj.• habilidoso, -a adj.• hábil adj.• industrioso, -a adj.• mañoso, -a adj.• primo, -a adj.• primoroso, -a adj.• práctico, -a adj.• usado, -a adj.BrE skilful 'skɪlfəl adjective <liar/play> hábil; <surgeon/mechanic> diestro; (at sewing, craftwork) habilidoso, diestro, hábil(US) ['skɪlfʊl]ADJ hábil, diestro (at, in en)* * *BrE skilful ['skɪlfəl] adjective <liar/play> hábil; <surgeon/mechanic> diestro; (at sewing, craftwork) habilidoso, diestro, hábil -
10 Budding, Edwin Beard
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. c.1796 Bisley (?), Gloucestershire, Englandd. 1846 Dursley, Gloucestershire, England[br]English inventor of the lawn mower.[br]Budding was an engineer who described himself as a mechanic on his first patent papers and as a manager in later applications.A rotary machine had been developed at Brimscombe Mill in Stroud for cutting the pile on certain clothes and Budding saw the potential of this principle for a machine for cutting grass on lawns. It is not clear whether Budding worked for the Lewis family, who owned the mill, or whether he saw the machines during their manufacture at the Phoenix Foundry. At the age of 35 Budding entered into partnership with John Ferrabee, who had taken out a lease on Thrupp Mill. They reached an agreement in which Ferrabee would pay to obtain letter patent on the mower and would cover all the development costs, after which they would have an equal share in the profits. The agreement also allowed Ferrabee to license the manufacture of the machine and in 1832 he negotiated with the agricultural manufacturer Ransomes, allowing them to manufacture the mower.Budding invented a screw-shifting spanner at a time when he might have been working as a mechanic at Thrupp Mill. He later rented a workshop in which he produced Pepperbox pistols. In the late 1830s he moved to Dursley, where he became Manager for Mr G.Lister, who made clothing machinery. Together they patented an improved method of making cylinders for carding engines, but Budding required police protection from those who saw their jobs threatened by the device. He made no fortune from his inventions and died at the age of 50.[br]Further ReadingH.A.Randall, 1965–6 "Some mid-Gloucestershire engineers and inventors", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 38:89–96 (looks at the careers of both Budding and Ferrabee).AP -
11 Clement (Clemmet), Joseph
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]bapt. 13 June 1779 Great Asby, Westmoreland, Englandd. 28 February 1844 London, England[br]English machine tool builder and inventor.[br]Although known as Clement in his professional life, his baptism at Asby and his death were registered under the name of Joseph Clemmet. He worked as a slater until the age of 23, but his interest in mechanics led him to spend much of his spare time in the local blacksmith's shop. By studying books on mechanics borrowed from his cousin, a watchmaker, he taught himself and with the aid of the village blacksmith made his own lathe. By 1805 he was able to give up the slating trade and find employment as a mechanic in a small factory at Kirkby Stephen. From there he moved to Carlisle for two years, and then to Glasgow where, while working as a turner, he took lessons in drawing; he had a natural talent and soon became an expert draughtsman. From about 1809 he was employed by Leys, Mason \& Co. of Aberdeen designing and making power looms. For this work he built a screw-cutting lathe and continued his self-education. At the end of 1813, having saved about £100, he made his way to London, where he soon found employment as a mechanic and draughtsman. Within a few months he was engaged by Joseph Bramah, and after a trial period a formal agreement dated 1 April 1814 was made by which Clement was to be Chief Draughtsman and Superintendent of Bramah's Pimlico works for five years. However, Bramah died in December 1814 and after his sons took over the business it was agreed that Clement should leave before the expiry of the five-year period. He soon found employment as Chief Draughtsman with Henry Maudslay \& Co. By 1817 Clement had saved about £500, which enabled him to establish his own business at Prospect Place, Newington Butts, as a mechanical draughtsman and manufacturer of high-class machinery. For this purpose he built lathes for his own use and invented various improvements in their detailed design. In 1827 he designed and built a facing lathe which incorporated an ingenious system of infinitely variable belt gearing. He had also built his own planing machine by 1820 and another, much larger one in 1825. In 1828 Clement began making fluted taps and dies and standardized the screw threads, thus anticipating on a small scale the national standards later established by Sir Joseph Whitworth. Because of his reputation for first-class workmanship, Clement was in the 1820s engaged by Charles Babbage to carry out the construction of his first Difference Engine.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsSociety of Arts Gold Medal 1818 (for straightline mechanism), 1827 (for facing lathe); Silver Medal 1828 (for lathe-driving device).BibliographyExamples of Clement's draughtsmanship can be found in the Transactions of the Society of Arts 33 (1817), 36 (1818), 43 (1925), 46 (1828) and 48 (1829).Further ReadingS.Smiles, 1863, Industrial Biography, London, reprinted 1967, Newton Abbot (virtually the only source of biographical information on Clement).L.T.C.Rolt, 1965, Tools for the Job, London (repub. 1986); W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford (both contain descriptions of his machine tools).RTSBiographical history of technology > Clement (Clemmet), Joseph
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12 Murray, Matthew
SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 1765 near Newcastle upon Tyne, Englandd. 20 February 1826 Holbeck, Leeds, England[br]English mechanical engineer and steam engine, locomotive and machine-tool pioneer.[br]Matthew Murray was apprenticed at the age of 14 to a blacksmith who probably also did millwrighting work. He then worked as a journeyman mechanic at Stockton-on-Tees, where he had experience with machinery for a flax mill at Darlington. Trade in the Stockton area became slack in 1788 and Murray sought work in Leeds, where he was employed by John Marshall, who owned a flax mill at Adel, located about 5 miles (8 km) from Leeds. He soon became Marshall's chief mechanic, and when in 1790 a new mill was built in the Holbeck district of Leeds by Marshall and his partner Benyon, Murray was responsible for the installation of the machinery. At about this time he took out two patents relating to improvements in textile machinery.In 1795 he left Marshall's employment and, in partnership with David Wood (1761– 1820), established a general engineering and millwrighting business at Mill Green, Holbeck. In the following year the firm moved to a larger site at Water Lane, Holbeck, and additional capital was provided by two new partners, James Fenton (1754–1834) and William Lister (1796–1811). Lister was a sleeping partner and the firm was known as Fenton, Murray \& Wood and was organized so that Fenton kept the accounts, Wood was the administrator and took charge of the workshops, while Murray provided the technical expertise. The factory was extended in 1802 by the construction of a fitting shop of circular form, after which the establishment became known as the "Round Foundry".In addition to textile machinery, the firm soon began the manufacture of machine tools and steam-engines. In this field it became a serious rival to Boulton \& Watt, who privately acknowledged Murray's superior craftsmanship, particularly in foundry work, and resorted to some industrial espionage to discover details of his techniques. Murray obtained patents for improvements in steam engines in 1799, 1801 and 1802. These included automatic regulation of draught, a mechanical stoker and his short-D slide valve. The patent of 1801 was successfully opposed by Boulton \& Watt. An important contribution of Murray to the development of the steam engine was the use of a bedplate so that the engine became a compact, self-contained unit instead of separate components built into an en-gine-house.Murray was one of the first, if not the very first, to build machine tools for sale. However, this was not the case with the planing machine, which he is said to have invented to produce flat surfaces for his slide valves. Rather than being patented, this machine was kept secret, although it was apparently in use before 1814.In 1812 Murray was engaged by John Blenkinsop (1783–1831) to build locomotives for his rack railway from Middleton Colliery to Leeds (about 3 1/2 miles or 5.6 km). Murray was responsible for their design and they were fitted with two double-acting cylinders and cranks at right angles, an important step in the development of the steam locomotive. About six of these locomotives were built for the Middleton and other colliery railways and some were in use for over twenty years. Murray also supplied engines for many early steamboats. In addition, he built some hydraulic machinery and in 1814 patented a hydraulic press for baling cloth.Murray's son-in-law, Richard Jackson, later became a partner in the firm, which was then styled Fenton, Murray \& Jackson. The firm went out of business in 1843.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsSociety of Arts Gold Medal 1809 (for machine for hackling flax).Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1962, Great Engineers, London (contains a good short biography).E.Kilburn Scott (ed.), 1928, Matthew Murray, Pioneer Engineer, Leeds (a collection of essays and source material).C.F.Dendy Marshall, 1953, A History of Railway Locomotives Down to the End of theYear 1831, London.L.T.C.Rolt, 1965, Tools for the Job, London; repub. 1986 (provides information on Murray's machine-tool work).Some of Murray's correspondence with Simon Goodrich of the Admiralty has been published in Transactions of the Newcomen Society 3 (1922–3); 6(1925–6); 18(1937– 8); and 32 (1959–60).RTS -
13 look
luk
1. verb1) (to turn the eyes in a certain direction so as to see, to find, to express etc: He looked out of the window; I've looked everywhere, but I can't find him; He looked at me (angrily).) mirar2) (to seem: It looks as if it's going to rain; She looks sad.) parecer3) (to face: The house looks west.) dar a
2. noun1) (the act of looking or seeing: Let me have a look!) ojeada2) (a glance: a look of surprise.) mirada3) (appearance: The house had a look of neglect.) aspecto, apariencia•- - looking
- looks
- looker-on
- looking-glass
- lookout
- by the looks of
- by the look of
- look after
- look ahead
- look down one's nose at
- look down on
- look for
- look forward to
- look here!
- look in on
- look into
- look on
- look out
- look out!
- look over
- look through
- look up
- look up to
look1 n1. mirada / vistazo2. expresión3. aspecto / pintagood looks belleza / buen parecidolook2 vb1. mirarwhat are you looking at? ¿qué miras?2. parecer / tener aspectoit looks easy, but it's difficult parece fácil, pero es difícilto look forward to tener ganas de / hacer ilusiónlook out! ¡cuidado!tr[lʊk]1 mirar (at, -)■ what are they looking at? ¿qué miran?2 (seem) parecer■ how do I look? ¿qué tal estoy?1 mirar2 (seem) parecer1 (glance) mirada2 (appearance) aspecto, apariencia3 (expression) expresión nombre femenino■ I could tell by the look of him that he wasn't at all interested a juzgar por su expresión no le interesaba lo más mínimo4 (fashion) moda1 ¡mira!1 belleza f sing\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLby the look(s) of it por lo vistolook alive! / look lively! familiar ¡espabílate!look before you leap antes de que te cases mira lo que hacesnot to be much to look at familiar no ser demasiado guapo,-a, no ser ninguna bellezato have a look for something buscar algoto look around for something andar buscando algoto look down one's nose at somebody mirar a alguien malto look on the bright side (of things) mirar el lado bueno de las cosasto look well on somebody sentar bien a alguienlook ['lʊk] vi1) glance: mirarto look out the window: mirar por la ventana2) investigate: buscar, mirarlook in the closet: busca en el closetlook before you leap: mira lo que haces3) seem: parecerhe looks happy: parece estar contentoI look like my mother: me parezco a mi madre4)to look after : cuidar, cuidar de5)to look for expect: esperar6)to look for seek: buscarlook vt: mirarlook n1) glance: mirada f2) expression: cara fa look of disapproval: una cara de desaprobación3) aspect: aspecto m, apariencia f, aire mexpr.• mira v.n.• ademán s.m.• apariencia s.f.• aspecto s.m.• búsqueda s.f.• cara s.f.• cariz s.m.• empaque s.m.• facha s.f.• gesto s.m.• mirada s.f.• miramiento s.m.• ojeada s.f.• parecer s.m.• vista s.f.• vistazo s.m.v.• buscar v.• mirar v.• observar v.• parecer v.lʊk
I
1) ( glance) mirada fif looks could kill... — si las miradas mataran...
to have o take a look at something/somebody — echarle un vistazo a algo/alguien
I bought this - let's have a look — compré esto - ¿a ver?
have o take a good look at the picture — fíjate bien en el cuadro, mira bien el cuadro
I'll have to take a long, hard look at the figures — tendré que estudiar detenidamente las cifras
2) (search, examination)have a look for my pipe, will you? — mira a ver si me encuentras la pipa, por favor
do you mind if I take a look around? — ¿le importa si echo un vistazo?
3)a) ( expression) cara fb) ( appearance) aire mI don't like the look of his friend — no me gusta el aspecto or (fam) la pinta de su amigo
he's down on his luck by the look(s) of him — a juzgar por su aspecto, está pasando una mala racha
c) ( Clothing) moda f, look mshe was attracted by his good looks — la atrajo lo guapo or (AmL tb) lo buen mozo que era
II
1.
2)a) (see, glance) mirarI looked around — ( behind) me volví a mirar or miré hacia atrás; ( all around) miré a mi alrededor
to look down — ( lower eyes) bajar la vista; (from tower, clifftop) mirar hacia abajo
he looked straight o right through me — me miró sin verme
to look up — ( raise eyes) levantar la vista; (toward ceiling, sky) mirar hacia arriba
to look on the bright side of something — ver* el lado bueno or positivo de algo
to look the other way — ( ignore) hacer* la vista gorda; ( lit) mirar para otro lado, apartar la vista
b) (as interj)(now) look here — oye tú!, escucha un momento!
c) ( face)our window looks north — nuestra ventana da al norte or está orientada al norte
to look ONTO something — dar* a algo
3) (search, investigate) mirar, buscar*look before you leap — mira lo que haces, mira dónde te metes
4) (seem, appear)he looks well/ill — tiene buena/mala cara
she looks unhappy — parece (que está) triste, se la ve triste (AmL)
he's 60, but looks 20 years younger — tiene 60 años, pero aparenta 20 menos
how does it look to you? — ¿a ti qué te parece?
will they stay? - it looks like it — ¿se quedarán? - parece que sí or eso parece
to look as if o as though: it looks as though it's healing nicely parece que está cicatrizando bien; you look as though you could use a drink me da la impresión de que no te vendría mal un trago; to look alive o lively o (BrE also) sharp — (colloq) espabilar (fam)
2.
look vt mirarPhrasal Verbs:- look at- look for- look in- look on- look out- look to- look up[lʊk]1. N1) (=glance) mirada f, vistazo m•
to have a look at sth — echar un vistazo a algohave a look at this! — ¡mira esto!, ¡échale un vistazo a esto!
shall we have a look round the town? — ¿damos una vuelta por la ciudad?
•
to take a look at sth — echar un vistazo a algotake a look at this! — ¡míra esto!, ¡échale un vistazo a esto!
to take a long hard look at o.s. — (fig) examinarse a sí mismo detenidamente
•
do you want a look? — ¿quieres verlo?2) (=expression) mirada fhe gave me a furious look — me miró furioso, me lanzó una mirada furiosa
if looks could kill*... — si las miradas mataran...
3) (=search)have another look! — ¡vuelve a buscar!
4) (=air, appearance) aire m, aspecto m, pinta * fhe had a sad look — tenía un aspecto or aire triste
•
by the look(s) of it or things — a juzgar por las aparienciasby the look(s) of him... — viéndole, se diría que...
•
you can't go by looks alone — es arriesgado juzgar por las apariencias nada más•
to like the look of sb/sth, I don't like the look of him — me cae mal, no me fío de él5) looks (=attractiveness)•
she has kept her looks — sigue tan guapa como siempre•
she's losing her looks — no es tan guapa como antes6) (=fashion) moda f, estilo m•
the new look — la nueva moda2. VI1) (=see, glance) mirarlook! — ¡mira!
look here! — ¡oye!
just look! — ¡mira!, ¡fíjate!
look who's here! — ¡mira quién está aquí!
•
to look the other way — (lit) mirar para el otro lado; (fig) hacer como que no se da cuenta•
to be looking over sb's shoulder — (fig) estar siempre vigilando a algn- look down one's nose at sth/sb2) (=search)look again! — ¡vuelve a buscar!
3) (=seem, appear) parecer, verse (LAm)she doesn't look her age — no aparenta or representa la edad que tiene
•
it looks all right to me — me parece que está bien•
it will look bad — (fig) quedará mal•
he wanted to look his best for the interview — quería estar lo mejor (arreglado) posible para la entrevistaI don't look my best first thing in the morning — cuando me levanto por la mañana no estoy muy guapa que digamos
•
he looks good in a uniform — está muy guapo en uniformeManchester United are looking good for the championship — el Manchester United tiene muchas posibilidades de ganar el campeonato
•
she wasn't looking herself — parecía otra, no parecía la misma•
how does it look to you? — ¿qué te parece?how do I look? — ¿cómo estoy?
•
she's 70 but doesn't look it — tiene 70 años pero no los aparenta or representa•
look lively! * — ¡muévete! *•
to look the part — (fig) parecerlo•
she looked prettier than ever — estaba más guapa que nunca•
how pretty you look! — ¡qué guapa estás!•
to make sb look small — (fig) rebajar a algnit looks well — parece muy bien, tiene buena apariencia
4)•
to look like —a) (=be in appearance)what does she look like? — ¿cómo es físicamente?
b)to look like sb — (=resemble) parecerse a algn
this photo doesn't look like him — la foto no se le parece, en esta foto no parece él
c) (=seem)5)• to look as if or as though: it looks as if or as though the train will be late — parece que el tren va a llegar tarde
try to look as if or as though you're glad to see me — haz como que te alegras de verme
it doesn't look as if or as though he's coming — parece que no va a venir
6) (=face)7) (=seek)•
they are looking to make a profit — quieren sacar ganancias3. VT1) (=look at) mirarto look sb (straight) in the eye(s) or in the face — mirar directamente a los ojos de algn
I would never be able to look her in the eye(s) or face again — no podría resistir su mirada, siempre me avergonzaría al verla
2) (=pay attention to)•
look what you've done now! — ¡mira lo que has hecho!•
look where you're going! — ¡fíjate por donde vas!- look at- look for- look in- look on- look out- look to- look upLOOK FOR
Omission of article
► Don't translate the article "a" in sentences like I'm looking for a flat, when the number of such things is not significant since people normally only look for one at a time:
I'm looking for a flat Estoy buscando piso
He's looking for a secretary Busca secretaria The personal a is not used before people when the article is omitted as above. ► Do translate the article when the thing or person is qualified:
He's looking for a little flat Busca un piso pequeño NOTE: When translating examples like I'm looking for someone to... translate the English to-infinitive using que + ((subjunctive)):
I'm looking for someone to help with the children Busco a alguien que me ayude con los niños
I'm looking for a mechanic to repair my car Busco a un mecánico que me arregle el coche For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *[lʊk]
I
1) ( glance) mirada fif looks could kill... — si las miradas mataran...
to have o take a look at something/somebody — echarle un vistazo a algo/alguien
I bought this - let's have a look — compré esto - ¿a ver?
have o take a good look at the picture — fíjate bien en el cuadro, mira bien el cuadro
I'll have to take a long, hard look at the figures — tendré que estudiar detenidamente las cifras
2) (search, examination)have a look for my pipe, will you? — mira a ver si me encuentras la pipa, por favor
do you mind if I take a look around? — ¿le importa si echo un vistazo?
3)a) ( expression) cara fb) ( appearance) aire mI don't like the look of his friend — no me gusta el aspecto or (fam) la pinta de su amigo
he's down on his luck by the look(s) of him — a juzgar por su aspecto, está pasando una mala racha
c) ( Clothing) moda f, look mshe was attracted by his good looks — la atrajo lo guapo or (AmL tb) lo buen mozo que era
II
1.
2)a) (see, glance) mirarI looked around — ( behind) me volví a mirar or miré hacia atrás; ( all around) miré a mi alrededor
to look down — ( lower eyes) bajar la vista; (from tower, clifftop) mirar hacia abajo
he looked straight o right through me — me miró sin verme
to look up — ( raise eyes) levantar la vista; (toward ceiling, sky) mirar hacia arriba
to look on the bright side of something — ver* el lado bueno or positivo de algo
to look the other way — ( ignore) hacer* la vista gorda; ( lit) mirar para otro lado, apartar la vista
b) (as interj)(now) look here — oye tú!, escucha un momento!
c) ( face)our window looks north — nuestra ventana da al norte or está orientada al norte
to look ONTO something — dar* a algo
3) (search, investigate) mirar, buscar*look before you leap — mira lo que haces, mira dónde te metes
4) (seem, appear)he looks well/ill — tiene buena/mala cara
she looks unhappy — parece (que está) triste, se la ve triste (AmL)
he's 60, but looks 20 years younger — tiene 60 años, pero aparenta 20 menos
how does it look to you? — ¿a ti qué te parece?
will they stay? - it looks like it — ¿se quedarán? - parece que sí or eso parece
to look as if o as though: it looks as though it's healing nicely parece que está cicatrizando bien; you look as though you could use a drink me da la impresión de que no te vendría mal un trago; to look alive o lively o (BrE also) sharp — (colloq) espabilar (fam)
2.
look vt mirarPhrasal Verbs:- look at- look for- look in- look on- look out- look to- look up -
14 Radcliffe, William
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 1761 Mellor, Cheshire, Englandd. 1842 Mellor, Cheshire, England[br]English inventor of the sizing machine.[br]Radcliffe was brought up in the textile industry and learned carding and spinning as a child. When he was old enough, he became a weaver. It was a time when there were not enough weavers to work up all the yarn being spun on the recently invented spinning machines, so some yarn was exported. Radcliffe regarded this as a sin; meetings were held to prohibit the export, and Radcliffe promised to use his best endeavours to discover means to work up the yarn in England. He owned a mill at Mellor and by 1801 was employing over 1,000 hand-loom weavers. He wanted to improve their efficiency so they could compete against power looms, which were beginning to be introduced at that time.His first step was to divide up as much as possible the different weaving processes, not unlike the plan adopted by Arkwright in spinning. In order to strengthen the warp yarns made of cotton and to reduce their tendency to fray during weaving, it was customary to apply an adhesive substance such as starch paste. This was brushed on as the warp was unwound from the back beam during weaving, so only short lengths could be treated before being dried. Instead of dressing the warp in the loom as was hitherto done, Radcliffe had it dressed in a separate machine, relieving the weaver of the trouble and saving the time wasted by the method previously used. Radcliffe employed a young man names Thomas Johnson, who proved to be a clever mechanic. Radcliffe patented his inventions in Johnson's name to avoid other people, especially foreigners, finding out his ideas. He took out his first patent, for a dressing machine, in March 1803 and a second the following year. The combined result of the two patents was the introduction of a beaming machine and a dressing machine which, in addition to applying the paste to the yarns and then drying them, wound them onto a beam ready for the loom. These machines enabled the weaver to work a loom with fewer stoppages; however, Radcliffe did not anticipate that his method of sizing would soon be applied to power looms as well and lead to the commercial success of powered weaving. Other manufacturers quickly adopted Radcliffe's system, and Radcliffe himself soon had to introduce power looms in his own business.Radcliffe improved the hand looms themselves when, with the help of Johnson, he devised a cloth taking-up motion that wound the woven cloth onto a roller automatically as the weaver operated the loom. Radcliffe and Johnson also developed the "dandy loom", which was a more compact form of hand loom and was also later adapted for weaving by power. Radcliffe was among the witnesses before the Parliamentary Committee which in 1808 awarded Edmund Cartwright a grant for his invention of the power loom. Later Radcliffe was unsuccessfully to petition Parliament for a similar reward for his contributions to the introduction of power weaving. His business affairs ultimately failed partly through his own obstinacy and his continued opposition to the export of cotton yarn. He lived to be 81 years old and was buried in Mellor churchyard.[br]Bibliography1811, Exportation of Cotton Yarn and Real Cause of the Distress that has Fallen upon the Cotton Trade for a Series of Years Past, Stockport.1828, Origin of the New System of Manufacture, Commonly Called "Power-Loom Weaving", Stockport (this should be read, even though it is mostly covers Radcliffe's political aims).Further ReadingA.Barlow, 1870, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London (provides an outline of Radcliffe's life and work).W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (a general background of his inventions). R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (a general background).D.J.Jeremy, 1981, Transatlantic Industrial Revolution. The Diffusion of Textile Technologies Between Britain and America, 1790–1830s, Oxford (discusses the spread of the sizing machine in America).RLH -
15 EM
1) Компьютерная техника: Executable Manual2) Медицина: endomicroscopy (эндомикроскопия)3) Военный термин: Eastern Mediterranean, Education Manual, Edward Medal, Electricians Mate, Engineering Manual, Enlisted Member, Environmental Monitoring, emergency maintenance, emergency message, emission measurements, engine maintenance, engineering memorandum, enlisted men, experimental model, enlisted man (men)4) Техника: electric charge/mass ratio, electro microprobe, electromicroscopy, electron microprobe, electronic countermeasure malfunction, ellipsoidal mirror, emitter, end of medium character, engineering management, environmental management, evaluation model, experimental mine5) Сельское хозяйство: Ethoxylated Monoglycerides6) Юридический термин: English Mother7) Бухгалтерия: Electronic Money8) Финансы: emerging markets9) Автомобильный термин: engine modification10) Оптика: electromodulation, electron microscope11) Телекоммуникации: Element Manager12) Сокращение: Electro-Magnetic, Elicotteri Meridionali SpA (Italy), Engineer of Mining, Engineered Magnetics Inc. (USA), Enlisted Man, Express Mail, electronic memory, epitaxial mesa, expanded metal, external memory13) Физиология: Emmetropia14) Электроника: Electromigration, Electron Microscopy, Enterprise model15) Вычислительная техника: electromagnetic memory, end of medium, erasable memory, them, Extensions Manager (Apple), Enlisted Man (see), конец носителя, стираемая память, электронная передача сообщений16) Нефть: electromagnetic method, аварийное техническое обслуживание (emergency maintenance), технический справочник (engineering manual), техническое наставление (engineering manual), техническое руководство (engineering manual)17) Связь: Element Management / Element Manager (TMN)18) Геофизика: электромагнитный19) Фирменный знак: Extraordinary Musicians20) Деловая лексика: Electrical Manufacturing, Elite Merit21) Образование: Emphasis Math22) Сетевые технологии: electronic mail, electronic messaging23) Полимеры: electromagnetic, electromechanical24) Океанография: Energy Movement25) Химическое оружие: Energetic material26) Расширение файла: Emphasized, Expanded Memory27) SAP.тех. расширенная память28) Должность: Extra Mechanic29) НАСА: Engineering Model, Expect Maximum, External Module30) Единицы измерений: Eighteen Millimetres -
16 Em
1) Компьютерная техника: Executable Manual2) Медицина: endomicroscopy (эндомикроскопия)3) Военный термин: Eastern Mediterranean, Education Manual, Edward Medal, Electricians Mate, Engineering Manual, Enlisted Member, Environmental Monitoring, emergency maintenance, emergency message, emission measurements, engine maintenance, engineering memorandum, enlisted men, experimental model, enlisted man (men)4) Техника: electric charge/mass ratio, electro microprobe, electromicroscopy, electron microprobe, electronic countermeasure malfunction, ellipsoidal mirror, emitter, end of medium character, engineering management, environmental management, evaluation model, experimental mine5) Сельское хозяйство: Ethoxylated Monoglycerides6) Юридический термин: English Mother7) Бухгалтерия: Electronic Money8) Финансы: emerging markets9) Автомобильный термин: engine modification10) Оптика: electromodulation, electron microscope11) Телекоммуникации: Element Manager12) Сокращение: Electro-Magnetic, Elicotteri Meridionali SpA (Italy), Engineer of Mining, Engineered Magnetics Inc. (USA), Enlisted Man, Express Mail, electronic memory, epitaxial mesa, expanded metal, external memory13) Физиология: Emmetropia14) Электроника: Electromigration, Electron Microscopy, Enterprise model15) Вычислительная техника: electromagnetic memory, end of medium, erasable memory, them, Extensions Manager (Apple), Enlisted Man (see), конец носителя, стираемая память, электронная передача сообщений16) Нефть: electromagnetic method, аварийное техническое обслуживание (emergency maintenance), технический справочник (engineering manual), техническое наставление (engineering manual), техническое руководство (engineering manual)17) Связь: Element Management / Element Manager (TMN)18) Геофизика: электромагнитный19) Фирменный знак: Extraordinary Musicians20) Деловая лексика: Electrical Manufacturing, Elite Merit21) Образование: Emphasis Math22) Сетевые технологии: electronic mail, electronic messaging23) Полимеры: electromagnetic, electromechanical24) Океанография: Energy Movement25) Химическое оружие: Energetic material26) Расширение файла: Emphasized, Expanded Memory27) SAP.тех. расширенная память28) Должность: Extra Mechanic29) НАСА: Engineering Model, Expect Maximum, External Module30) Единицы измерений: Eighteen Millimetres -
17 em
1) Компьютерная техника: Executable Manual2) Медицина: endomicroscopy (эндомикроскопия)3) Военный термин: Eastern Mediterranean, Education Manual, Edward Medal, Electricians Mate, Engineering Manual, Enlisted Member, Environmental Monitoring, emergency maintenance, emergency message, emission measurements, engine maintenance, engineering memorandum, enlisted men, experimental model, enlisted man (men)4) Техника: electric charge/mass ratio, electro microprobe, electromicroscopy, electron microprobe, electronic countermeasure malfunction, ellipsoidal mirror, emitter, end of medium character, engineering management, environmental management, evaluation model, experimental mine5) Сельское хозяйство: Ethoxylated Monoglycerides6) Юридический термин: English Mother7) Бухгалтерия: Electronic Money8) Финансы: emerging markets9) Автомобильный термин: engine modification10) Оптика: electromodulation, electron microscope11) Телекоммуникации: Element Manager12) Сокращение: Electro-Magnetic, Elicotteri Meridionali SpA (Italy), Engineer of Mining, Engineered Magnetics Inc. (USA), Enlisted Man, Express Mail, electronic memory, epitaxial mesa, expanded metal, external memory13) Физиология: Emmetropia14) Электроника: Electromigration, Electron Microscopy, Enterprise model15) Вычислительная техника: electromagnetic memory, end of medium, erasable memory, them, Extensions Manager (Apple), Enlisted Man (see), конец носителя, стираемая память, электронная передача сообщений16) Нефть: electromagnetic method, аварийное техническое обслуживание (emergency maintenance), технический справочник (engineering manual), техническое наставление (engineering manual), техническое руководство (engineering manual)17) Связь: Element Management / Element Manager (TMN)18) Геофизика: электромагнитный19) Фирменный знак: Extraordinary Musicians20) Деловая лексика: Electrical Manufacturing, Elite Merit21) Образование: Emphasis Math22) Сетевые технологии: electronic mail, electronic messaging23) Полимеры: electromagnetic, electromechanical24) Океанография: Energy Movement25) Химическое оружие: Energetic material26) Расширение файла: Emphasized, Expanded Memory27) SAP.тех. расширенная память28) Должность: Extra Mechanic29) НАСА: Engineering Model, Expect Maximum, External Module30) Единицы измерений: Eighteen Millimetres -
18 test
test
1. noun1) (a set of questions or exercises intended to find out a person's ability, knowledge etc; a short examination: an arithmetic/driving test.) prueba, examen, test2) (something done to find out whether a thing is good, strong, efficient etc: a blood test.) prueba, examen, test; análisis (de sangre)3) (an event, situation etc that shows how good or bad something is: a test of his courage.) prueba4) (a way to find out if something exists or is present: a test for radioactivity.) ensayo, prueba5) (a test match.) partido internacional
2. verb(to carry out a test or tests on (someone or something): The students were tested on their French; They tested the new aircraft.) probar, examinar; hacer un análisis- test pilot
- test-tube
test1 n examen / pruebatest2 vb testar / probar / comprobar
test sustantivo masculino (pl un examen tipo test a multiple-choice exam
test sustantivo masculino test
test de calidad, quality test ' test' also found in these entries: Spanish: alcoholemia - análisis - control - ensayar - ensayo - evaluación - examen - graduar - lección - negativa - negativo - positiva - positivo - probar - probeta - prueba - psicotécnica - psicotécnico - suficiencia - testar - verificación - admisión - bebé - citología - comprobación - convivencia - dar - ejercicio - interrogación - Papanicolau - piloto - resistencia - seguro - sondeo - tentar - verificar English: accurately - acid test - aptitude test - attest - blood test - breath test - detest - driving test - ease - polygraph - protest - protester - review - score - smear test - test - test case - test drive - test pilot - test run - test-tube baby - testament - testicle - testify - testimonial - testimony - worried - answer - blood - blow - Breathalyzer - dope - driving - endurance - fail - full - go - grade - graduated - litmus - means - multiple - Pap smear - pass - pilot - positive - quiz - remote - screen - settr[test]1 (trial) prueba2 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL (gen) examen nombre masculino, prueba; (multiple choice) test nombre masculino3 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL análisis nombre masculino1 (gen) probar2 (patience, loyalty) poner a prueba3 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL hacerle una prueba a4 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL analizar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto stand the test of time resistir el paso del tiempoto take a car for a test drive probar un coche en carreteratest flight vuelo de pruebatest match partido internacionaltest pilot piloto de pruebastest tube probetatest ['tɛst] vt: examinar, evaluartest vi: hacer pruebastest n: prueba f, examen m, test mto put to the test: poner a prueban.• ensayo s.m.• examen s.m.• piedra de toque s.f.• probatura s.f.• prueba s.f.• tanteo s.m.• test s.m.v.• ensayar v.• examinar v.• experimentar v.• probar v.• tantear v.• verificar v.test
I
1)a) ( Educ) prueba f; ( multiple-choice type) test mto do o take a test — hacer* una prueba/un test
to give o set somebody a test — hacerle* or ponerle* a alguien una prueba/un test
b) (of machine, drug) prueba fto put something to the test — poner* algo a prueba
to stand the test of time — resistir el paso del tiempo; (before n) <run, flight> experimental, de prueba
c) (analysis, investigation)blood/urine test — análisis m de sangre/orina
to have an eye/a hearing test — hacerse* un examen de la vista/del oído
2) ( Sport) partido m internacional
II
1.
a) \<\<student/class\>\> examinar, hacerle* una prueba a; \<\<knowledge/skill\>\> evaluar*b) test (out) \<\<product/vehicle/weapon\>\> probar*, poner* a pruebathese cosmetics have not been tested on animals — no se han utilizado animales en las pruebas de laboratorio de estos cosméticos
c) \<\<friendship/endurance\>\> poner* a pruebad) \<\<blood/urine\>\> analizar*; \<\<sight/hearing/reflexes\>\> examinar; \<\<hypothesis\>\> comprobar*to test somebody for something: she was tested for AIDS se le hizo un análisis para determinar si tenía el sida; to test something FOR something: the eggs were tested for salmonella — los huevos fueron analizados para determinar si estaban infectados de salmonela
2.
[test]just testing! — (hum) era sólo para ver qué decías
1. N1) (Scol, Univ) examen m ; (multiple-choice) test m ; (esp for job) prueba f•
to do a test — (Scol, Univ) hacer un examen; (multiple choice) hacer un test; (for job) hacer una prueba•
to fail a test — (Scol, Univ) suspender un examen; (multiple choice) suspender un test; (for job) no pasar una prueba•
to give sb a test (in sth) — examinar a algn (de algo), poner a algn un examen (de algo)•
an oral test — un examen oral•
to pass a test — (Scol, Univ) aprobar un examen; (multiple choice) aprobar un test; (for job) pasar una prueba•
to take a test — (Scol, Univ) hacer un examen; (multiple choice) hacer un test; (for job) hacer una pruebaaptitude, intelligence•
a written test — un examen oral/escrito2) (Aut) (also: driving test) examen m de conducir•
to fail one's test — suspender el examen de conducir•
to pass one's test — aprobar el examen de conducir•
to take one's test — hacer el examen de conducir3) (Med) [of organs, functioning] prueba f ; [of sample, substance] análisis m invbreath, fitness, litmus, smear•
it was sent to the laboratory for tests — lo mandaron al laboratorio para que lo analizaran4) (=trial) [of aircraft, new product, drug] prueba fflight I, 1., 1), screen 3.•
they want to ban cosmetics tests on animals — quieren prohibir las pruebas de cosméticos en animales5) (fig) prueba fhe now faces the toughest test of his leadership — ahora se enfrenta a la prueba más difícil durante su periodo como líder
holidays are a major test of any relationship — irse de vacaciones es una de las pruebas más difíciles a la que se somete cualquier relación
acid, endurance•
to put sth to the test — poner or someter algo a prueba6) (Cricket, Rugby) (also: test match) partido m internacional2. VT1) [+ student, pupil] examinar; [+ candidate] (for job) hacer una prueba a; [+ knowledge] evaluar; [+ understanding] poner a prueba•
to test sb on sth — (Scol, Univ) examinar a algn de algo; (esp for job) hacer una prueba de algo a algn; (for revision) hacer preguntas de algo a algn (para repasar)can you test me on my French/spelling? — ¿me haces preguntas de francés/ortografía?
2) (Med) [+ blood, urine, sample] analizar•
to have one's eyes tested — hacerse una revisión de la vista•
to test sb/sth for sth, to test sb for AIDS — hacer la prueba del SIDA a algnto test sb for drugs — (gen) realizar pruebas a algn para comprobar si ha consumido drogas; [+ athlete, sportsperson] realizar el control antidoping a algn
my doctor wants me to be tested for diabetes — mi médico quiere que me haga un análisis para ver or frm determinar si tengo diabetes
the urine is tested for protein — se hace un análisis de orina para determinar el contenido de proteínas
3) (=conduct trials on) [+ aircraft, weapon, new product, drug] probar•
all our products are tested for quality — probamos la calidad de todos nuestros productos•
to test sth on sth/sb — probar algo con or en algo/algnnone of our products are tested on animals — ninguno de nuestros productos se prueba con or en animales
4) (=check) probar- test the waters5) (fig) (=put to the test) [+ person, courage] poner a pruebahis resolve will be tested to the limits this week — su resolución se pondrá a prueba al máximo esta semana
3.VI (=conduct a test)testing, testing... — (Telec) probando, probando...
•
it is a method used to test for allergies — es un método utilizado en pruebas de alergia•
just testing! — hum ¡por si acaso pregunto!•
to test negative/ positive (for sth) — dar negativo/positivo (en la prueba de algo)4.CPD(nuclear) test ban N — prohibición f de pruebas nucleares
test ban treaty N — (also: nuclear test ban treaty) tratado m de prohibición de pruebas nucleares
test card N — (TV) carta f de ajuste
test case N — (Jur) juicio m que sienta jurisprudencia
test cricket N — críquet m a nivel internacional
test data NPL — resultados mpl de prueba
test-drivetest drive N — (by potential buyer) prueba f en carretera; (by mechanic, technician) prueba f de rodaje
test flight N — vuelo m de prueba, vuelo m de ensayo
test marketing N — pruebas de un producto nuevo en el mercado
test marketing has already shown the product to be a great success — las pruebas realizadas en el mercado ya han mostrado que el producto tiene un éxito tremendo
test match N — (Cricket, Rugby) partido m internacional
test paper N — (Scol, Univ) examen m ; (multiple-choice) test m ; (Chem) papel m reactivo
test pattern N (US) (TV) — = test card
test piece N — (Mus) pieza f elegida para un certamen de piano
test pilot N — piloto mf de pruebas
test run N — (lit) vuelta f de prueba, prueba f ; (fig) puesta f a prueba
test tube baby N — bebé mf probeta
- test out* * *[test]
I
1)a) ( Educ) prueba f; ( multiple-choice type) test mto do o take a test — hacer* una prueba/un test
to give o set somebody a test — hacerle* or ponerle* a alguien una prueba/un test
b) (of machine, drug) prueba fto put something to the test — poner* algo a prueba
to stand the test of time — resistir el paso del tiempo; (before n) <run, flight> experimental, de prueba
c) (analysis, investigation)blood/urine test — análisis m de sangre/orina
to have an eye/a hearing test — hacerse* un examen de la vista/del oído
2) ( Sport) partido m internacional
II
1.
a) \<\<student/class\>\> examinar, hacerle* una prueba a; \<\<knowledge/skill\>\> evaluar*b) test (out) \<\<product/vehicle/weapon\>\> probar*, poner* a pruebathese cosmetics have not been tested on animals — no se han utilizado animales en las pruebas de laboratorio de estos cosméticos
c) \<\<friendship/endurance\>\> poner* a pruebad) \<\<blood/urine\>\> analizar*; \<\<sight/hearing/reflexes\>\> examinar; \<\<hypothesis\>\> comprobar*to test somebody for something: she was tested for AIDS se le hizo un análisis para determinar si tenía el sida; to test something FOR something: the eggs were tested for salmonella — los huevos fueron analizados para determinar si estaban infectados de salmonela
2.
just testing! — (hum) era sólo para ver qué decías
-
19 home
1. nounmy home is in Leeds — ich bin in Leeds zu Hause od. wohne in Leeds
leave/have left home — aus dem Haus gehen/sein
live at home — im Elternhaus wohnen
they had no home/homes [of their own] — sie hatten kein Zuhause
be/feel at home — (fig.) sich wohl fühlen
make somebody feel at home — es jemandem behaglich machen
make yourself at home — fühl dich wie zu Hause
he is quite at home in French — er ist im Französischen ganz gut zu Hause
2) (fig.)to take an example nearer home,... — um ein Beispiel zu nehmen, das uns näher liegt,...
3) (native country) die Heimat2. adjective2) (done at home) häuslich; Selbst[backen, homebrauen usw.]4) (Sport) Heim[spiel, -sieg, -mannschaft]; [Anhänger, Spieler] der Heimmannschaft3. adverb1) (to home) nach Hauseon one's way home — auf dem Weg nach Hause od. Nachhauseweg
he takes home £200 a week after tax — er verdient 200 Pfund netto in der Woche
nothing to write home about — (coll.) nichts Besonderes od. Aufregendes
2) (arrived at home) zu Hausebe home and dry — (fig.) aus dem Schneider sein (ugs.)
3) (as far as possible)push home — [ganz] hineinschieben [Schublade]; ausnutzen [Vorteil]
press home — [ganz] hinunterdrücken [Hebel]; forcieren [Angriff]; [voll] ausnutzen [Vorteil]
drive home — [ganz] einschlagen [Nagel]
4)4. intransitive verbcome or get home to somebody — (become fully realized) jemandem in vollem Ausmaß bewusst werden; see also academic.ru/62935/roost">roost 1.
1) [Vogel usw.:] zurückkehren2) (be guided)these missiles home [in] on their targets — diese Flugkörper suchen sich (Dat.) ihr Ziel
3)home in/on something — (fig.) etwas herausgreifen
* * *[həum] 1. noun1) (the house, town, country etc where a person etc usually lives: I work in London but my home is in Bournemouth; When I retire, I'll make my home in Bournemouth; Africa is the home of the lion; We'll have to find a home for the kitten.) die Heimat2) (the place from which a person, thing etc comes originally: America is the home of jazz.) die Heimat3) (a place where children without parents, old people, people who are ill etc live and are looked after: an old folk's home; a nursing home.) das Heim4) (a place where people stay while they are working: a nurses' home.) das Heim5) (a house: Crumpy Construction build fine homes for fine people; He invited me round to his home.) die Wohnung2. adjective1) (of a person's home or family: home comforts.) häuslich2) (of the country etc where a person lives: home produce.) einheimisch3. adverb1) (to a person's home: I'm going home now; Hallo - I'm home!) nach, zu Hause2) (completely; to the place, position etc a thing is intended to be: He drove the nail home; Few of his punches went home; These photographs of the war brought home to me the suffering of the soldiers.) bis ans Ziel, jemandem etwas klarmachen•- homeless- homely
- homeliness
- homing
- home-coming
- home-grown
- homeland
- home-made
- home rule
- homesick
- homesickness
- homestead
- home truth
- homeward
- homewards
- homeward
- homework
- at home
- be/feel at home
- home in on
- leave home
- make oneself at home
- nothing to write home about* * *[həʊm, AM hoʊm]I. naway from \home auswärtsto be away from \home von zu Hause weg seinto come straight from \home direkt von zu Hause kommento be \home to sb/sth:the city is \home to about 700 refugees in der Stadt wohnen ca. 700 Flüchtlingethe museum is \home to a large collection of manuscripts das Museum besitzt eine große Manuskriptensammlungto be not at \home to sb für jdn nicht zu sprechen seinto give sb/an animal a \home jdm/einem Tier ein Zuhause gebento leave \home ausziehen; child das Elternhaus verlassen, von zu Hause ausziehento make a country/town one's \home sich in einer Stadt/einem Land niederlassento make oneself at \home es sich dat gemütlich machento set up \home sich akk häuslich niederlassento work from \home zu Hause [o von zu Hause aus] arbeitenat \home, in one's [own] \home, in the \home zu Hause, zuhause ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZluxury \home Luxusheim ntstarter \home erstes eigenes Heimto move \home umziehento come from a broken \home aus zerrütteten Familienverhältnissen stammen, aus einem kaputten Zuhause kommen famto come from a good \home aus gutem Hause kommen gehhappy \home glückliches Zuhauseold people's \home Altersheim ntEngland feels like \home to me now ich fühle mich inzwischen in England zu Hauseat \home in der Heimat, zu Hauseat \home and abroad im In- und Auslandto loose/win away from \home auswärts verlieren/gewinnento play at \home zu Hause spielen“\home” „Pos. 1“10.▶ to be close [or near] to \home:that remark was close to \home das hat richtig gesessen fam1. (at one's abode) zu Hause, zuhause ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ, daheim bes SÜDD, ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ; (to one's abode) nach Hause, nachhause ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZare you \home this afternoon? bist du heute Nachmittag zu Hause?hello! I'm \home! hallo! ich bin wieder da!on my way \home auf dem Nachhausewegto come/go \home nach Hause kommen/gehento go/return \home in seine Heimat zurückgehen/zurückkehrento send sb \home jdn zurück in die [o seine] Heimat schicken3. (to sb's understanding)the danger really came \home to me when I... die Gefahr wurde mir erst richtig bewusst, als ich...to bring sth \home [to sb] [jdm] etw klarmachenshe really drove \home the message that we need to economize sie machte uns unmissverständlich klar, dass wir sparen müssenher remarks really hit \home ihre Bemerkungen haben echt gesessen! fam4. (to a larger extent)to push \home an advantage [or an advantage \home] einen Vorteil ausnutzen5. (to its final position)to push the bolt \home den Türriegel vorschiebento press/screw sth \home etw gut festdrücken/festschraubento get \home das Ziel erreichen7.I could drink this wine till the cows come \home diesen Wein könnte ich endlos weitertrinken fam▶ to be \home and dry [or AUS hosed], AM to be \home free seine Schäfchen ins Trockene gebracht haben fig fam▶ it's nothing to write \home about es ist nicht gerade umwerfend [o haut einen nicht gerade vom Hocker] fam▶ \home, James[, and don't spare the horses]! ( dated or hum) so schnell wie nur möglich nach Hause!▪ to \home in on sth (find its aim) sich [selbstständig] auf etw akk ausrichten; (move) genau auf etw akk zusteuern2. (focus)* * *[həʊm]1. na loving/good home — ein liebevolles/gutes Zuhause
gifts for the home — Geschenke pl für das Haus or die Wohnung
a long way from home — weit von zu Hause weg or entfernt; (in different country also) weit von der Heimat entfernt
let's concentrate on problems closer to home — wir sollten uns auf unsere eigenen Probleme konzentrieren
to find a home for sb/an animal — ein Zuhause für jdn/ein Tier finden
the next match will be at home —
Miss Hooper is not at home today Miss Hooper is not at home to anyone today — Frau Hooper ist heute nicht zu Hause or nicht da Frau Hooper ist heute für niemanden zu Hause or zu sprechen
to be or feel at home with sb — sich in jds Gegenwart (dat) wohlfühlen
I don't feel at home with this new theory yet — ich komme mit dieser neuen Theorie noch nicht ganz zurecht
to make oneself at home — es sich (dat) gemütlich or bequem machen
Scotland is the home of the haggis — Schottland ist die Heimat des Haggis, das Haggis ist in Schottland zu Hause
the city/this building is home to some 1,500 students — in dieser Stadt/diesem Gebäude wohnen etwa 1.500 Studenten or sind etwa 1.500 Studenten zu Hause
there's no place like home (Prov) — daheim ist daheim (prov), eigener Herd ist Goldes wert (Prov)
home sweet home (Prov) — trautes Heim, Glück allein (Prov)
2) (= institution) Heim nt; (for orphans) Waisenhaus nt, Heim nt; (for blind) Heim nt, Anstalt f → nursing homeSee:→ nursing home2. adv1) (position) zu Hause, zuhause (Aus, Sw), daheim; (with verb of motion) nach Hause, nachhause (Aus, Sw), heimto go home (to house) — nach Hause or (Aus, Sw) nachhause gehen/fahren; (to country) heimfahren
on the way home —
the first runner home — der Erste, der durchs Ziel geht
to get home — nach Hause or (Aus, Sw) nachhause kommen, heimkommen; (in race) durchs Ziel gehen
I have to get home before ten — ich muss vor zehn zu Hause or (Aus, Sw) zuhause or daheim sein
2)(= to the mark)
to drive a nail home — einen Nagel einschlagenit came home to him that... — es wurde ihm klar, dass...
to strike home (torpedo etc) — treffen; ( fig : remark ) ins Schwarze treffen, sitzen (inf)
See:3. vi(pigeons) heimkehren* * *home [həʊm]A s1. Heim n:a) Haus n, (eigene) Wohnungb) Zuhause n, Daheim nc) Elternhaus n:be at home in London in London zu Hause sein;not be at home (to sb) nicht zu sprechen sein (für jemanden);feel at home sich wie zu Hause fühlen;he made his home at er ließ sich in (dat) nieder;leave home von zu Hause fortgehen;work from home von zu Hause aus arbeiten;pleasures of home häusliche Freudenthe US is the home of baseball die USA sind die Heimat des Baseball;a) im Lande, in der Heimat,b) im Inland, daheim,c) im (englischen) Mutterland ( → A 1);at home and abroad im In- und Ausland;Paris is his second home Paris ist seine zweite Heimat;a letter from home ein Brief aus der Heimat oder von zu Hausehe has made London his home er hat sich in London niedergelassen4. Zufluchtsort m:5. Heim n:home for the aged Alters-, Altenheim;6. SPORT Ziel n7. SPORTa) Heimspiel nb) Heimsieg mB adj1. Heim…:a) häuslichb) zu Haus ausgeübt:home circle Familienkreis m;home computer Homecomputer m (kleinerer Computer für den häuslichen Anwendungsbereich);home cooking das Kochen zu Hause;home difficulties häusliche Schwierigkeiten;home life häusliches Leben, Familienleben n;home mechanic Bastler(in), Heimwerker(in);home remedy Hausmittel n2. Heimat…:home forces MIL im Heimatland stationierte Streitkräfte;home waters SCHIFF heimatliche Gewässer3. einheimisch, inländisch, Inlands…, Binnen…:4. SPORTa) Heim…:home record Heimbilanz f;home strength Heimstärke f;home weakness Heimschwäche f5. TECH Normal…:6. Rück…:7. a) gezielt, wirkungsvoll (Schlag etc)b) fig treffend, beißend (Bemerkung etc):C adv1. heim, nach Hause:the way home der Heimweg;go home heimgehen, nach Hause gehen ( → C 3);that’s nothing to write home about umg das ist nichts Besonderes oder nicht so toll oder nicht gerade berauschend, darauf brauchst du dir nichts einzubilden; → come home, get C 12. zu Hause, daheim:welcome home!;be home and dry Br umga) in Sicherheit sein,b) hundertprozentig sicher sein3. figa) ins Ziel oder Schwarzeb) im Ziel, im Schwarzenc) bis zum Ausgangspunktd) so weit wie möglich, ganz:bring ( oder drive) sth home to sb jemandem etwas klarmachen oder beibringen oder zum Bewusstsein bringen oder vor Augen führen;bring a charge home to sb jemanden überführen;drive a nail home einen Nagel fest einschlagen;the thrust went home der Hieb saßD v/i2. FLUGa) (mittels Leitstrahl) das Ziel anfliegen:b) automatisch auf ein Ziel zusteuern (Rakete):E v/t ein Flugzeug (mittels Radar) einweisen, herunterholen umg* * *1. noun1) Heim, das; (flat) Wohnung, die; (house) Haus, das; (household) [Eltern]haus, dasmy home is in Leeds — ich bin in Leeds zu Hause od. wohne in Leeds
leave/have left home — aus dem Haus gehen/sein
they had no home/homes [of their own] — sie hatten kein Zuhause
at home — zu Hause; (not abroad) im Inland
be/feel at home — (fig.) sich wohl fühlen
2) (fig.)to take an example nearer home,... — um ein Beispiel zu nehmen, das uns näher liegt,...
3) (native country) die Heimat2. adjectiveat home — zu Hause; in der Heimat
1) (connected with home) Haus-; Haushalts[gerät usw.]2) (done at home) häuslich; Selbst[backen, homebrauen usw.]3) (in the neighbourhood of home) nahe gelegen4) (Sport) Heim[spiel, -sieg, -mannschaft]; [Anhänger, Spieler] der Heimmannschaft5) (not foreign) [ein]heimisch; inländisch3. adverb1) (to home) nach Hauseon one's way home — auf dem Weg nach Hause od. Nachhauseweg
he takes home £200 a week after tax — er verdient 200 Pfund netto in der Woche
nothing to write home about — (coll.) nichts Besonderes od. Aufregendes
2) (arrived at home) zu Hausebe home and dry — (fig.) aus dem Schneider sein (ugs.)
push home — [ganz] hineinschieben [Schublade]; ausnutzen [Vorteil]
press home — [ganz] hinunterdrücken [Hebel]; forcieren [Angriff]; [voll] ausnutzen [Vorteil]
drive home — [ganz] einschlagen [Nagel]
4)4. intransitive verbcome or get home to somebody — (become fully realized) jemandem in vollem Ausmaß bewusst werden; see also roost 1.
1) [Vogel usw.:] zurückkehren2) (be guided)these missiles home [in] on their targets — diese Flugkörper suchen sich (Dat.) ihr Ziel
3)home in/on something — (fig.) etwas herausgreifen
* * *adj.heimwärts adj.nach Hause ausdr. adv.nach Hause ausdr. n.Haus Häuser n.Heim -e n.Zuhause n. -
20 aprendiz
aprendiz
◊ - diza sustantivo masculino, femeninoapprentice, trainee; es aprendiz de mecánico he's an apprentice mechanic
aprendiz,-iza sustantivo masculino y femenino apprentice, trainee ' aprendiz' also found in these entries: Spanish: aprendiza - aprendizaje - entrar English: apprentice - trainee
- 1
- 2
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